关于印发《关于加强技术创新深化环境科技体制改革的若干意见》的通知
国家环境保护总局
国家环境保护总局文件
环发[2000]69号
关于印发《关于加强技术创新深化环境科技体制改革的若干意见》的通知
各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护局,各直属单位,各派出机构,各双重领导科研单位,各工程技术中心:
为贯彻中共中央、国务院《关于加强技术创新,发展高科技,实现产业化的决定》(中发[1999]14号)和全国技术创新大会精神,总局于2000年1月13日至16日在杭州召开了贯彻全国技术创新大会精神深化环境科技体制改革工作座谈会。会议对总局科技标准司提出的《关于加强技术创新深化环境科技体制改革的若干意见》进行了讨论和修改。总局原则同意这个《意见》。现将《意见》发给你们,请结合本地环境科技体制改革的实际情况研究贯彻。
附件:关于加强技术创新深化环境科技体制改革的若干意见
二○○○年三月二十一日
抄送:科学技术部
附件:
关于加强技术创新深化环境科技体制改革的若干意见
(2000年3月)
1999年8月20日,中共中央、国务院发布了《关于加强技术创新,发展高科技,实现产业化的决定》(中发[1999]14号,以下简称《决定》)。为贯彻《决定》精神,中央又召开了由各省、自治区、直辖市和各部委领导参加的全国技术创新大会。现就贯彻《决定》及全国技术创新大会精神,深化环境科技体制改革工作,提出如下意见:
一、认真学习《决定》,充分认识全国技术创新大会的重要意义
1、学习和贯彻《决定》是当前环保科技工作中的一项重要任务。各级环境保护部门必须认真学习《决定》和中央领导同志在全国技术创新大会上的讲话。要深刻领会中央确立的加强技术创新,发展高科技,实现产业化这个主题,既是解决我国经济发展面临的深层次问题,进一步提高国民经济整体素质和综合国力,实现跨越式发展的紧迫要求,也是应对国际竞争,确保中华民族在新世纪立于不败之地的战略选择;既是全面落实科教兴国战略的突破口,也是解决当前国民经济发展中的热点、难点和重点问题的关键措施之一;还是当前和今后一个时期科技工作的中心任务。对于环境保护而言,加强技术创新,发展高科技,实现产业化同样是跨世纪环保事业发展的关键突破口。
2、环境科技体制改革的方向更加明确。深化科技体制改革是全国技术创新大会的重点内容。《决定》提出了社会公益型科研机构改革的总体思路。即:“现有社会公益型科研机构要实行分类改革:对于有面向市场能力的科研机构,要转为科技型企业、整体或部分进入企业,或转为企业性的中介服务机构;对于向社会提供公共服务、无法得到相应经济回报的科研机构,在调整结构、分流人员的基础上,按非营利性机构的机制运行和管理,政府主要通过扶持政策、竞争择优方式提供科研项目和基地建设经费”。《决定》为环保系统下一步科技体制改革指明了方向,为发展环境科技,解决环境科技体制问题提供了办法和措施。
二、环保系统科研院所体制改革形势及面临的问题
3、第三次全国环保系统科技工作会议以来,环保系统的科研单位认真贯彻国家环境保护局《关于环境科学技术和环保产业若干问题的决定》(环科[1997]209号),坚持“两个面向”,即环境科技面向环境监督管理,面向污染治理与改善生态环境,为改善环境质量提供了技术支持,适应市场的能力有所加强。1998年,在《国家环境保护总局“九五”期间科学技术体制改革规划》(环发[1998]106号)中,提出了在“九五”期间初步建立适应环保事业发展和符合科技自身发展规律的科技体系,即建立以总局重点实验室为依托的科研体系;建立产学研相结合的环境工程设计与技术开发体系;建立社会化的环境科技咨询服务体系。
通过几年来的努力,已批准建设4个部级重点实验室和5个工程技术中心,直属和地方环境科研机构中三个体系的建设已初见成效,为进一步深化改革打下了基础。
4、目前环境科研院所在总体布局、知识结构、人员素质、装备、院所管理等方面还不能完全适应所面临的形势和任务的要求,阻碍深化科技体制改革的关键问题尚未完全解决。主要表现为:现行的科研院所运行机制不能够适应社会主义市场经济的新形势,没有完全形成有利于科研成果转化的机制;仍然有一部分环境科研机构游离于环境管理和污染治理之外,有一定面向市场能力的研究院所“小富即安”的思想较为浓厚,科研和产业化搞不大,没有从根本上解决环境科技与“两个面向”脱节的问题;总局直属科研院所中部分机构或专业重复设置,科技力量分散,资源配置不尽合理,未能形成合力;地方环境科研机构中独立的院所过多,机构设置重叠。除部分省级和重点城市环境科研院所有一定实力外,相当一部分院所力量较弱,高水平的研究成果较少,科技创新能力差;科技队伍中骨干力量老化,缺乏优秀的跨世纪中青年学术带头人、工程技术专家和科技经营人才。
这些问题,必须通过深化改革来解决。实践已证明,率先改革,积极从事环保技术创新和科技成果产业化,或为政府的环境管理提供全面技术支持的院所,才能赢得主动和发展。反之,将无法在竞争和改革中生存。
三、明确定位,全面推进环境科研院所改革
5、明确任务。目前我国面临的环境形势十分严峻,总体上环境污染和生态破坏仍在继续,一些新的环境问题接踵而来。解决这些问题,要靠发展环境科学和技术。在新世纪到来之际,各级政府迫切需要一支科研队伍,针对已面临和即将面临的重大环境问题开展全面、系统的研究,为政府的重大社会和经济发展决策提供科学依据,为政府实施有效的环境监督管理和遏止环境污染与生态破坏提供控制目标、政策、法规、标准、控制措施和技术等全面的支持。因此,无论过去、现在和将来,环保事业的发展都需要一支精干、高效和高水平的环境科研队伍,其主要任务是承担并开展关系国家环境安全、社会经济发展中重大环境问题的科技活动;承担并开展研究解决重大环境问题的科技活动,为防止和解决新的环境问题进行科学研究;承担并开展保证政府环境监督执法的科技活动;承担有效监测、监督国家大气、水、生态、核环境状况以及履行国际环境公约的科技活动。其功能主要是向政府和社会提供公共科技服务,满足政府对环境科技的需求。
6、明确定位。按照科技部统一要求,各地环保部门要按照《决定》中关于社会公益类研究单位分类指导的原则,对所属研究机构明确定位,尽快形成改革方案并启动实施。
环境科学研究是社会公益性研究,环境科研机构总体上讲是社会公益型科研机构。但由于不同层次环境科研机构的服务对象不同、基础不同以及面向市场的能力不同,其定位有所不同。对具有较强环保技术开发与工程能力,或在发展环保产业方面具有一定基础的科研机构,要鼓励其集中力量,提高水平,转制为科技型企业;对主要从事环评等科技咨询服务的科研机构,要转制为环境科技服务与中介机构,直接面向市场;对主要承担为政府实施有效环境管理研究的科研机构,由于其研究成果是为政府实施有效管理服务,为社会和公众服务,研究成果不能在市场上转化,科研单位无法从市场得到相应的经济回报,应作为公益性、非营利性研究机构运行和管理。
四、建立国家环境科技创新体系
7、按照全国技术创新大会精神,以及总局关于建立一支高水平、有特点的国家级环境科技队伍的要求,结合我国未来环境科技需求和科技队伍现状,进一步深化环境科技体制改革的基本思路为:
总局直属科研机构对国家和地方环境保护部门有重要的技术支持作用,直属科研机构的体制改革要通过重组、改造、整合,在调整结构、分流人员的基础上,按公益性、非营利性机构的机制运行和管理。省及重点城市级环境科研力量较强的科研机构,也可按此原则运作。
大部分以环境技术开发和工程为主的应用型环境科研机构,包括部分省级和重点城市环境科研院所要转制为科技型企业。确定为非营利性科研机构中的工程技术部分也要按上述原则分流。
地市级环境科研机构除少数科研力量较强外,多数以环境评价、测试服务、科技咨询等为主的院所,包括确定为非营利性科研机构中从事环境科技咨询业务的部分,原则上要转制为企业性质的环保科技中介服务机构;“站所合一”的地市级环境科研机构应以监测业务为主。能否作为非营利科研机构取决于自身特点和当地环保工作需求。
8、在环境科研机构转制的同时,建立国家环境科技创新体系。环境科技创新体系由环境知识创新体系、环境技术创新体系和环境科技中介服务体系组成。
环境知识创新体系由少数经过转制后确定的直属非营利性科研机构,优化重组的各类研究中心和总局重点实验室,按地域环境特色建立的大区性质的科研院所组成。拟建成一支人数少、水平高、真正能为总局提供有力科技支持的研究队伍。
环境技术创新体系由总局环境工程技术中心和环保高技术产业孵化器组成。总局环境工程技术中心从全部或部分转制为科技型企业的环境科研机构中择优建立;高技术环保产业孵化器拟从环保高科技企业、高技术园区中择优产生。环境科技创新体系将研究开发污染控制与生态保护的高新技术、关键技术和共性技术,通过与企业的紧密结合,
迅速将相关技术成果转化为商品和产业化,直接为改善环境质量服务。在目前环保企业创新能力较低情况下,环境技术创新体系的建立至关重要。
相当一批现有环境科研机构将通过转制、重组、分流的方式,组建成企业性的环境科技中介服务机构。环境科技中介服务体系是今后要大力加强的环节。在现有的环评、信息咨询等工作的基础上,向清洁生产审计、ISO14000咨询或认证、有机食品认证、环境标志产品认证、环境工程评估、技术评价、风险评价等方面延伸和扩展,使其真正成为科技成果推广与市场化之间的桥梁,为环保系统监督执法提供技术服务。
9、国家环境科技创新体系建设要打破部门、地方所有制,无论是总局直属科研机构,还是地方或中科院、教育系统以及其他部门所属的环境科研机构,只要有突出特点、水平高、力量强,符合总局环境知识创新体系规划和条件,均可申报建立总局重点实验室或研究中心,进入环境知识创新体系;凡符合总局环境技术创新体系规划和条件的,可申报建立部级工程技术中心,进入环境技术创新体系。鼓励部门、地方有实力、有创新能力的环境科研机构、科技型企业进入环境技术创新体系。
五、加强对环境科技体制改革的领导,营造适宜改革的环境
10、总局直属科研机构的改革应根据科技资源优化、统一配置的原则制定方案,并按照批准的方案实施。中国环境科学研究院已确定为科技部改革试点,要认真制定试点方案,先行一步,取得经验。其他院所也要按照《决定》的精神和总局要求,做好改革方案并争取尽早实施。
11、地方省级和重点城市环境科研机构的改革应按照地方科技管理部门的统一部署进行,地方环境保护部门要积极配合。环境保护部门对所属科研机构的改革,要加强领导,明确定位,根据环保工作对科技队伍的要求,向地方科技部门反映情况、需求和建议,做好应做的工作。同时,要支持所属科研机构进入总量控制、“双达标”等环保主战场中去创新创业。
12、各级环境保护部门要做好“十五”环境科技计划制定工作,争取更多的项目和经费支持,为环境科研院所体制改革创造良好的环境,力求在科技创新方面有新的突破。“十五”是全面贯彻《决定》的关键时期,在制定“十五”环境科技发展计划中,要落实《决定》的精神。各省、自治区、直辖市环保局都要争取将本地“十五”环境科技发展计划列入本局“十五”计划和地方“十五”科技计划。总局将从地方“十五”环境科技发展计划中择优列入国家“十五”环境科技发展计划,并向科技部门推荐。
在“十五”环境科技计划中,要突出国家环境目标和本地主要环境目标,找准阻碍国家和本地环保事业发展的重大问题,从中提炼出重大科技需求。要突出为加强环境监督执法服务,在环保工作中发展和运用高技术,实现产业化的重点,明确重大领域和重大项目,力争在关键的领域和解决重大环境问题方面取得突破,带动环保工作上一个新台阶,实现跨越式发展。
13、加快创新人才培养。环境科研院所的转制与进一步发展,迫切需要大批有创新思维和创业才干的科技人才,需要大批能在激烈市场竞争中领导创新和创业的科技型企业家。要制定并采取有力的政策和措施,培养和吸引优秀科技人员和科技企业家进入环境科技创新系统。同时,要用足用好国家和地方已出台的一系列院所改革、鼓励技术创新和科技成果产业化的政策、科技人员管理政策及改革的配套政策等,千方百计调动科技人员的积极性,把他们的巨大潜能释放出来,让知识和成果尽快转变为法律、法规、政策、措施等,转化为资本和财富,要让做出重要贡献的科技人员富裕起来,以激励他们为环保事业创造更多的成果和财富。
14、广开渠道,解决科技投入偏低问题。环保部门在“十五”计划中要努力争取科技等有关部门的支持,切实增加科技投入,这是政府推动环境科技发展的重要职责。要筹集环境科技资金,支持环境科技创新。同时,必须广开渠道,充分利用社会、企业、外资的投入。环保部门也要利用环境政策,引导和支持企业对科技投入,为环境科技体制改革创造宽松的环境。
中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶管理规则(附英文)
交通部
中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶管理规则(附英文)
(一九七九年八月二十五日国务院批准)
总则
第一条 为维护中华人民共和国的主权,维持港口和沿海水域的秩序,保证航行安全,防止水域污染,特制定本规则。
第二条 在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域航行的外国籍船舶(以下简称船舶)应遵守本规则以及中华人民共和国一切有关法令、规章和规定。中华人民共和国政府设置在港口的港务监督认为有必要对船舶进行检查时,船舶应接受检查。
本规则所称沿海水域是指属于中华人民共和国的内水和领海以及国家规定的管辖水域。
第一章 进出港和航行
第三条 船长或船舶所有人应在船舶预定到达港口一星期之前,通过外轮代理公司填具规定的表报,向港务监督办理进口申请批准手续,并在到达港口之前二十四小时(航程不足二十四小时的,在驶离前一港口时),将预计到港时间,前、后吃水等情况通过外轮代理公司向港务监督报告。如预计到港时间有变化,应随时报告。船舶在航行途中,因遇险、发生故障、船员或旅客患急病等特殊情况,需临时进港或返航,应事先向港务监督报告。
第四条 船舶进出港口或在港内航行、移泊,必须由港务监督指派引航员引航。有关引航的具体事项,应按照中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《海港引航工作规定》办理。
第五条 船舶抵港后,应即呈报进口报告书及其它有关表报,同时交验船舶证书及有关文书,并接受检查。船舶出港前,应呈报出口报告书及其它有关表报,经检查发给出口许可证后,才可出口。
第六条 船舶上的武器、弹药,应在船舶抵港后由港务监督予以封存。无线电报发射机、无线电话发射机、火箭信号、火焰信号、信号枪,只有在危急情况下才可以使用,但在使用后必须向港务监督报告。
第七条 港内禁止射击、游泳、钓鱼、鸣放鞭炮或焰火以及其它危及港口安全秩序的行为。
第八条 船舶有下列情况之一者,港务监督有权在一定期间内禁止其出港或令其停航、改航、返航:
一、处于不适航状态;
二、违反中华人民共和国的法律或规章;
三、发生海损事故;
四、未缴付应承担的款项,又未提供适当担保者;
五、其它需要禁止航行的情况。
第九条 航行在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域的船舶,不得进行危害中华人民共和国安全和权益的活动,并应遵守有关海峡、水道、航线和禁航区的规定。
第十条 船舶在港内不得以危及其它船舶和港口设施安全的速度航行。
第十一条 船舶附属的艇(筏),除了救生以外,不准在港内航行。
第十二条 船舶在港内航行、移泊时,船上的艇(筏)、吊货杆和舷梯等,不得伸出舷外。
第十三条 需要进入中华人民共和国对外轮开放的港口避风或临时停泊的船舶应向港务监督申请批准,申请内容包括:船名、呼号、国籍、船公司名称、出发港、目的港、船位、航速、吃水、船体颜色、烟囱颜色和标志,并应在指定的地点避风。
船舶如需在中华人民共和国对外轮开放的港口以外的地点避风或临时停泊,除办理上述申请批准手续外,还应遵守下列规定:
一、及时向就近的港务监督报告抛锚时间、位置和驶离时间;
二、遵守当地有关部门的规定,接受检查和询问,并听从指挥;
三、未经当地有关部门批准,船上人员不得登陆,不得装卸货物。
第二章 停泊
第十四条 船舶在港内停泊,必须留有足以保证船舶安全操纵的船员值班,遇有台风警报等紧急情况,全体船员必须立即回船采取防范、应急等措施。
第十五条 船舶在船员、旅客和其他人员上下之处设置的舷梯必须稳固,并有栏杆或攀索,软梯必须牢固安全,夜间应有足够的照明。
第十六条 船舶需要活车时,必须注意尾部周围环境,在不危及其他船舶和港口设施安全的情况下才可进行。
第十七条 停泊在港内的船舶,其两舷可能影响其他船舶、码头或人员上下的出水口必须加盖复罩。
第十八条 船舶的灯光不得影响其他船舶的航行安全,船上射向航道的强灯光,应予以遮蔽。
第十九条 船舶对装卸操作应提供安全良好的条件,装卸设备应具有合格证书,保持良好的技术状态。
第二十条 船舶进行下列事项,应事先向港务监督申请批准:
一、拆修锅炉、主机、锚机、舵机、电台;
二、试航、试车;
三、放艇(筏)进行救生演习;
四、烧焊(进船厂修理的除外),或者在甲板上明火作业;
五、悬挂彩灯。
第二十一条 船舶熏蒸,应采取严密的安全措施,并应悬挂港口规定的信号。
第二十二条 为了维护港口和船舶的安全,需要在港内的船舶移泊或提前、推迟开航,船舶应遵守港务监督的决定。
第三章 信号和通讯
第二十三条 船舶在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域航行、停泊,白天应悬挂船籍国的国旗,进出港口和移泊应加挂船名呼号旗和港口规定的有关信号。
第二十四条 船舶在进出港口和锚泊时,应注意港口信号台的呼叫和信号,在使用视觉信号时,应遵守中华人民共和国沿海港口信号规定。沿海港口未曾规定的信号,应依照《国际信号规则》办理。
第二十五条 船舶在港内除因航行安全必须外,不得随意鸣放声号。需要试笛时,应事先向港务监督报告。
第二十六条 船舶在港内使用甚高频无线电话,应遵守中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《关于外轮使用甚高频无线电话暂行办法》。
第四章 危险货物
第二十七条 船舶装卸、载运危险货物,应悬挂规定的信号,遵守有关危险货物运输管理的规定,采取必要的安全措施,特别是性能相抵触的货物,不许混装,严禁爆炸物品与发火物、易燃物品装载于同一舱内。
第二十八条 船舶载运爆炸物品、剧毒物品、放射性物品、压缩气体和液化气体、氧化剂、自燃物品、遇水燃烧物品、易燃液体、易燃固体和酸性腐蚀物品等一级烈性危险货物,应详细列具品名、性质、包装数量和装载位置,并且附具危险货物性质说明书,在预定到达港口三天之前,通过外轮代理公司向港务监督申请办理签证,经许可后才可进港、起卸或者过境。出口船舶载运上述危险货物,应在开始装载的三天以前,申请办理签证,经许可后才可装运。
第二十九条 船舶申请签发装运出口危险货物安全装载证明书,应在开始装载三天之前向港务监督提出书面申请,写明危险货物的品名、性质、包装、数量、装载位置(并且附具货物装载图)、中途港和目的港等事项并在港务监督指定的泊位进行装载。
第五章 航道保护
第三十条 船舶航行应遵守航行规定,维护航行秩序,如船舶发生意外事故有沉没危险时,应立即向港务监督报告,并尽力采取有效措施,驶离航道,避免妨碍交通和危及其他船舶。如果船舶已经沉没,船方应及时在沉没地点设置临时信号标志。
第三十一条 对沉没在港口或沿海水域的船舶或其他物体的打捞,均按照《中华人民共和国打捞沉船、沉物管理办法》办理。港务监督可视具体情况,通知沉船沉物所有人限期打捞清除,或立即组织打捞或解体清除,全部责任和费用应由沉船沉物所有人承担。
第三十二条 船舶发现或捞获沉、浮物体,应报告或送交港务监督处理,由港务监督酌情给予奖励。
第三十三条 船舶在港内需要倾倒垃圾等废弃物,应显示港口规定的信号招用垃圾船(车)。
第三十四条 船舶应爱护航道设备和助航标志,如损坏了助航标志、港口建筑或其他设施,应立即向港务监督报告,并应负责恢复原状或偿付恢复原状所需费用。
第六章 防止污染
第三十五条 在中华人民共和国的港口和沿海水域,禁止船舶任意排放油类、油性混合物,以及其他有害的污染物质和废弃物。
第三十六条 船舶排放压舱水、洗舱水、舱底水,必须向港务监督申请批准。如果船舶来自有疫情的港口,应经过卫生检疫机关卫生处理。装运危险货物和其他有害污染物船舱的污水、洗舱水,应经有关卫生部门鉴定合格后,方可在指定地点排放。
第三十七条 凡油轮和使用燃油的船舶,应备有油类记录簿,并且按照记录簿各项规定及时如实记载。
第三十八条 如船舶在港口和沿海水域发生污染事故,应将经过情况分别纪入油类记录簿和航海日志,并立即向港务监督报告,同时必须采取有效的措施防止扩散。如需采用化学剂处理,应提供化学成份说明书,向港务监督申请批准。
第三十九条 本章未列事项,按照中华人民共和国有关防止水域污染的规定办理。
第七章 消防和救助
第四十条 严禁在货舱以及易于引起船舶火警的场所吸烟和弄火。
第四十一条 船舶加油和油船装卸作业,应采取严密的防火安全措施。
第四十二条 船舶在港内进行烧焊等工程,应事先清理周围环境,采取严密防范措施,配备消防设备,并且在施工前后进行检查。对油舱及其邻近部位还必须卸完全部油料,清除残油,彻底通风,排除其内部易燃气体,并取得合格证明之后,才可以烧焊。
第四十三条 船舶失火或发生海难,应立即将出事地点和本船吨位、吃水、载货、受损和需要某种援助等情况报告港务监督。
第四十四条 港务监督在必要时,可动员和指挥在港内或沿海水域的船舶参加救助遇难船舶,在不影响本船安全的情况下,被动员的船舶有责任尽力救助。
第四十五条 港务监督或救助部门的负责人员到达现场,遇难船舶的船长应立即报告失事情况及已经采取的措施,提供救助必需的资料和方便,并且可以提出有关救助的建议。港务监督为维护安全秩序作出的决定,有关方面必须遵守。
第八章 海损事故
第四十六条 船舶发生海损事故,应尽速用电报或无线电话向港务监督报出扼要报告。在港区以外发出的海损事故,船长应在船舶进入第一港口四十八小时内,向港务监督递交海损事故报告书;在港区内发生的海损事故,船长应在二十四小时内向港务监督递交海损事故报告书。
第四十七条 船舶在中华人民共和国港口和沿海水域造成人命、财产损害事故时,应积极救助受害的船舶和人员,及时向港务监督报告,并接受调查和处理。如果肇事者见危不救,隐匿逃遁,将从严处理。
第四十八条 船舶发生船员死亡事故,应立即向港务监督报告。在港内由于船方或港方人员的过失,造成对方损害或伤亡事故等,应保留现场,双方都应及时向港务监督报告。如果发生纠纷,当事的任何一方,都可以向港务监督申请调查处理,涉及刑事范围的,由中华人民共和国司法机关处理。
第四十九条 本章未列事项,按照中华人民共和国交通部颁发的《海损事故调查和处理规则》办理。
第九章 违章处罚
第五十条 凡违反本规则以及中华人民共和国一切有关法令、规章和规定者,港务监督得按其性质、情节分别给予警告、罚款等处分,性质恶劣、情节严重者移交司法机关处理。
第五十一条 受处分者如果对所受处分不服,可以在接到通知的次日起十五日之内,向中华人民共和国港务监督局提出申诉。但在没有变更决定之前,原处分仍为有效。
第十章 附则
第五十二条 关于船舶避碰,本规则和中华人民共和国其他有关规定中未列事项,依照中华人民共和国施行的《国际海上避碰规则》办理。
第五十三条 本规则由中华人民共和国国务院批准施行,中华人民共和国交通部一九五七年三月十二日颁发的《中华人民共和国对外国籍船舶进出港口管理办法》同时废止。
RULES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING VESSELS OFFOREIGN NATIONALITY
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
RULES OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING VESSELS OF
FOREIGN NATIONALITY
(Approved by the State Council on August 25, 1979) and promulgated
by the Ministry of Communications on September 18, 1979)
General Provisions
Article 1
These Rules are formulated in order to safeguard the sovereignty of the
People's Republic of China, maintain the order of ports and coastal
waters, ensure the safety of navigation and prevent the pollution of
waters.
Article 2
All vessels of foreign nationality sailing in the ports and coastal waters
of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "vessels")
shall abide by these Rules and all the relevant decrees, stipulations and
provisions of the People's republic of China. Whenever the Harbour
Superintendency Administration set up by the Government of the People's
Republic of China is of the view that it is necessary to conduct
inspection of vessels, the vessels must subject themselves to inspection.
The term coastal waters as used in these Rules refers to the inland waters
and territorial seas of the People's Republic of China and the waters
stipulated by the State to be under its jurisdiction.
Chapter I Port Entry and Exit and Navigation
Article 3
The captain or the ship owner shall, through the China Ocean-shipping
Agency Corporation, one week before the scheduled arrival of his vessel at
a port, fill in the prescribed forms and go through the procedures to
apply for approval of port entry with the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and, 24 hours before the vessel's arrival at the port (or
if the voyage is less than 24 hours, at the time of departure from the
previous port), through the agent company for foreign vessels, report to
the Harbour Superintendency Administration on the scheduled time at
arrival, forward draft, stern draft, and other such conditions. A report
shall be made at any time if any change at the time of arrival is
anticipated. If in the course of its voyage, a vessel has to enter or
return to the port temporarily due to special circumstances such as
mishap, malfunction, or acute illness contracted by its seamen or
passengers, a report shall be made to the harbour Superintendency
Administration in advance.
Article 4
When a vessel goes into or out of a port or sails or changes berths in it,
it shall be guided by a pilot appointed by the Harbour Superintendency
Administration. The specific matters concerning pilotage shall be handled
in accordance with the "Provisions for Pilotage in Ports" promulgated by
the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China.
Article 5
Upon arrival of a vessel at a port, the entry and other relevant reports,
together with the certificate of registry and relevant documents shall be
submitted promptly for examination, and the vessel shall be subject to
inspection. Before a vessel goes out of a port, the exit and other
relevant reports shall be submitted and the vessel may go out only with an
exit permit issued after inspection.
Article 6
All weapons and ammunition on board a vessel shall be k ept under seal by
the Harbour Superintendency Administration upon arrival of the vessel at
the port. Radio telegraph transmitters, radio telephone transmitters,
rocket signals, flame signals and signal guns shall only be used in
conditions of emergency; and after such use, reports must be made to the
Harbour Superintendency Administration.
Article 7
It shall be forbidden, inside a port, to shoot, swim, fish or set off
fire-crackers or fireworks or do other acts likely to endanger the safety
and order of the port.
Article 8
The Harbour Superintendency Administration shall be entitled to prohibit a
vessel from going out of the port within a specified period of time, or
order it to suspend its voyage, change its course or return to the port if
the vessel is in any of the following conditions:
1. in an unseaworthy condition;
2. in contravention of the laws or regulations of the People's Republic of
China;
3. having involved in an accident of marine damage;
4. having failed to pay prescribed dues and to provide an appropriate
guarantee therefor;
5. other conditions which call for prohibition of navigation.
Article 9
Vessels sailing in the ports and coastal waters of the People's Republic
of China shall not engage in activities detrimental to the security,
rights and interests of the People's Republic of China and shall abide by
the provisions concerning straits, waterways, navigation lines and
restricted zones.
Article 10
Vessels shall not sail at such speed in ports as to endanger the safety of
other vessels and port facilities.
Article 11
The boats (rafts) attached to vessels shall not be allowed to sail in
ports except for lifesaving purposes.
Article 12
When sailing or changing berths in ports, vessels shall not have their
attached boats (rafts), derricks, gangways, etc. extended over the board
sides.
Article 13
Vessels that have to enter into a port of the People's Republic of China
which is open to foreign vessels for the purpose of taking shelter or
temporary berth shall apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration
for approval; the application shall include: the ship's name, call sign,
nationality, name of the carrier, port of departure, port of destination,
ship's position, speed, draft, hull colour(s), funnel colour(s) and mark,
and shall take shelter at the specified place.
Vessels that have to take shelter or temporary berth in a place other than
the ports open to foreign vessels of the People's Republic of China shall,
in addition to going through the above procedures for the application for
approval, abide by the following:
1. duly report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration in the
neighbourhood on the anchoring time, position and the time of departure;
2. observe the provisions of the relevant local departments, subject
itself to inspection and enquiry and obey orders;
3. the personnel on board the vessel shall not come to land nor shall the
goods on board be unloaded without the approval of the relevant local
departments.
Chapter II Berthing
Article 14
Vessels berthed in a port shall have on duty a number of seamen sufficient
to ensure the safe operation of the vessel and, in times of a typhoon
warning or other emergency conditions, all crew members shall immediately
return on board to take preventive and other measures.
Article 15
The gangways of a vessel set up where the crew members, passengers and
other personnel embark and disembark shall be firm and secure and armed
with rails or hand ropes; rope ladders shall be firm and safe, with
adequate illumination at night.
Article 16
When a vessel has to start its engine, attention shall be paid to the
surroundings of the stern and it shall only be done in circumstances where
the safety of other vessels and port facilities will not be endangered.
Article 17
The water outlets on both sides of a vessel berthed in a port, which are
likely to affect other vessels, the pier or the embarkation and
disembarkation of personnel shall be covered.
Article 18
The light of a vessel shall not affect the safety of navigation of other
vessels and strong lights of the vessel projected towards the course of
navigation shall be blocked.
Article 19
Vessels shall provide safe and good conditions for loading and unloading
operations and the loading and unloading installations shall possess
certificates of compliances and be maintained in good technical condition.
Article 20
A vessel shall make prior applications to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration for approval to carry out the following operations:
1. dismantling and repair of boilers, main engine, windlasses, steering
gear and transmitters;
2. trial voyages and trial runs;
3. setting down boats (rafts) to carry out lifesaving rehearsal;
4. welding or soldering (except for repair in a dockyard) or carrying out
operations with uncovered light on the deck;
5. hanging out decorative lamps.
Article 21
In the fumigation of a vessel, strict safety measures shall be taken and
the signal stipulated by the Port shall be hoisted.
Article 22
To ensure safety of the port and vessels, the decisions of the Harbour
Superintendency Administration shall be complied with if any ship has to
change berths in the port or set sail ahead of schedule or postpone
sailing.
Chapter III Signals and Communication
Article 23
Vessels sailing or berthed in the ports and coastal waters of the People's
Republic of China shall fly the national flags of their countries of
registry in daytime. When coming into or going out of the ports or
changing berths, they shall additionally fly their vessel flags for call
and the relevant signals stipulated by the port.
Article 24
When coming into or going out of the port or anchoring, vessels shall pay
attention to the calls and signals of the port signal station and shall
observe the regulations of the People's Republic of China for signals in
coastal ports in the use of visual signals. In respect of signals not yet
stipulated by coastal ports, "International Rules for Signals" shall be
observed.
Article 25
Vessels in ports shall not send out sound signals at will except out of
necessity for navigation safety. When it is necessary to test whistles, a
report shall be submitted to the Harbour Superintendency Administration in
advance.
Article 26
In the use of very high frequency radio telephones in ports, vessels shall
abide by the "Interim Measures for the Use of Radio Telephones of Very-
high-frequency by Vessels of Foreign Registry" promulgated by the Ministry
of Communications of the People's Republic of China.
Chapter IV Dangerous Goods
Article 27
In loading, unloading or transportation of dangerous goods, the vessels
shall hoist the stipulated signals, observe the stipulations for the
administration of the transportation of dangerous goods and take necessary
safety measures. In particular, goods with mutually-conflicting properties
shall not be loaded in a mixed way and it shall strictly be prohibited to
load explosive articles together with igniters or combustible articles in
the same holds.
Article 28
In carrying Class-1 strongly dangerous goods such as explosive articles,
deadly poisonous articles, radioactive articles, compressed gases and
liquefied gases, oxidizers, spontaneous combustible articles, articles
that ignite when in contact with water, combustible liquids, combustible
solids and acid corrosives, vessels shall list in detail the names of the
goods, their properties, package, quantity and loading position, and also
attach the instructions concerning the properties of the dangerous goods
to the lists and apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration
through the agent companies for foreign vessels for clearance visas three
days before their scheduled arrival at the ports. Only with approval may
they enter the port, unload goods, or pass through the transit. To carry
the above mentioned dangerous goods, outgoing vessels shall apply for
clearance visas three days before the start of loading. Only with
approval may they load and carry.
Article 29
In applying for the safety certificates for loading and carrying dangerous
goods for export, vessels shall make written applications to the Harbour
Superintendency Administration three days before the start of loading,
clearly stating the names of the dangerous goods, their properties,
package, quantity, loading position (also attached with loading plans of
the goods), midway ports, port of destination, etc. Loading shall be done
at the berths specified by the Harbour Superintendency Administration.
Chapter V Safeguard of Navigation Lanes
Article 30
In navigation, vessels shall abide by the provisions for and maintain the
order of navigation. If a vessel encounters an accident and is in danger
of sinking, it shall promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and take effective measures as best as it can to sail out
of the lane so as not to obstruct navigation and endanger other vessels.
If the vessel has sunk, the vessel side shall duly set up a temporary
signal mark at the place of its sinking.
Article 31
The salvage of vessels or other articles which have sunk in the ports or
coastal waters shall be handled in accordance with the "Measures of the
People's Republic of China for the Administration of the Salvage of Sunken
Vessels and Sunken Articles". The Harbour Superintendency Administration
shall, according to particular circumstances, notify the owners of the
sunken vessels or sunken articles to salvage and remove them within a
prescribed period, or promptly organize the salvage or dismantlement and
removal; the entire responsibilities and expenses shall be borne by the
owners of the sunken ship and sunken articles.
Article 32
If a vessel, finds or dredges up any sunken or floating article, it shall
report, or hand it over for handling, to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration, which shall give awards at its discretion.
Article 33
If a vessel has to dump rubbish and other refuse in a port, it shall
display the signal stipulated by the port to call up a rubbish boat (or
truck).
Article 34
Vessels shall take good care of lane installations and navigational aids.
If a vessel has damaged any navigational aid, port construction or other
facilities, it shall promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and undertake to restore them or pay compensation for the
restoration.
Chapter VI Prevention of Pollution
Article 35
In the ports and coastal waters of the People's Republic of China, vessels
shall be prohibited from wilfully draining away oils, oil mixtures and
other pernicious pollutants and wastes.
Article 36
Vessels shall apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administration for
approval for draining away ballast water, washing water from holds or
bilge water. A vessel that comes from an epidemic-affected port shall go
through the hygienic treatment of the quarantine. The bilge water and
washing water from the holds of vessels carrying dangerous goods and other
pernicious pollutants may be drained at specified places only after
appraisal which indicates that they meet the standards of the public
health department concerned.
Article 37
All oil tankers and vessels using fuel oil shall possess oils registers
and duly and truly make entries therein in accordance with various
provisions of the registers.
Article 38
If polluting accidents occur with vessels in the ports or coastal waters,
they shall record the course of events separately in their oils registers
and sea logs, promptly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration and at the same time take effective measures to prevent
diffusion of the pollutants. If treatment with chemicals is required, it
is necessary to apply to the Harbour Superintendency Administrations for
approval, and provide them with the instructions of the chemical
ingredients.
Article 39
Matters not included in this chapter shall be handled in accordance with
the provisions of the People's Republic of China relating to the
prevention of pollution of waters.
Chapter VII Fire Control and Rescue
Article 40
It shall strictly be forbidden to smoke or make fires in cargo holds or
other places prone to fire on board the vessels.
Article 41
Strict fire-prevention and safety measures shall be taken for the
refueling of vessels and for the loading and unloading operations of oil
tankers.
Article 42
To perform such engineering projects as welding or soldering on board a
vessel, the surroundings, shall be cleared in advance, strict precaution
measures be taken, firefighting equipment be made ready and inspection be
conducted before and after the operations. The oil tanks and their
adjacent parts shall necessarily be emptied of all oil materials, cleared
of residues of oil, thoroughly ventilated, with their internal combustible
gases discharged and certified as up-to-standard before welding or
soldering can be carried out.
Article 43
If a vessel catches fire or encounters a sea peril, it shall promptly
report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration such conditions as
scene of the accident, tonnage of vessel, draft, cargo carried, damages,
and the kind of assistance required.
Article 44
If necessary, the Harbour Superintendency Administration may mobilize and
command the vessels in the port or coastal waters to take part in the
rescue of a vessel in trouble and under the circumstances that their own
safety will not be affected, the mobilized vessels have the responsibility
to partake in the rescue as best as they can.
Article 45
When the Harbour Superintendency Administration or leading members of the
rescue department arrive at the scene, the captain of the vessel in
trouble shall promptly report the state of the accident and the measures
which have been taken and supply the data and facilities required for the
rescue. He may also make suggestions concerning the rescue. The parties
concerned shall observe the decisions made by the Harbour Superintendency
Administration for the maintenance of security and order.
Chapter VIII Accidents of Damages at Sea
Article 46
When an accident of damages at sea occurs to a vessel, it shall make a
summary report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration by telegraph
or radio-telephone as soon as possible. With regard to the occurrence of
an accident of damages at sea outside a port area, the captain shall
submit a report about the accident to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration within forty-eight hours of the vessel's entry into the
first port of call. With regard to the occurrence of an accident of
damages at sea within the port, the captain shall submit a report about
the accident to the Harbour Superintendency Administration within 24
hours.
Article 47
When a vessel causes an accident in the port or coastal waters of the
People's Republic of China, which results in the loss of human life and
damage to property, it shall actively attempt to rescue the damaged vessel
and injured personnel, promptly report the matter to the Harbour
Superintendency Administration and subject itself to investigation and
handling. The troublemaker who does not rescue those in danger but hides
itself or runs away shall be severely dealt with.
Article 48
If the death of a seaman occurs on board a vessel, the vessel shall
promptly make a report to the Harbour Superintendency Administration. If
the default of personnel of the vessel side or the port side gives rise to
damage or injury or death to the other side, the scene shall be kept
intact and both sides shall duly report to the Harbour Superintendency
Administration. If a dispute occurs, any party concerned may apply to the
Harbour Superintendency Administration for investigation and handling.
Those involving crimes shall be dealt with by the judicial organs of the
People's Republic of China.
Article 49
Matters which are not included in this Chapter shall be handled in
accordance with the "Rules for the Investigation and Handling of Accidents
of Damage at Sea promulgated by the Ministry of Communications of the
People's Republic of China.
Chapter IX Punishments on Contravention of Regulations
Article 50
The Harbour Superintendency Administration shall impose such punishments
as a warning or a fine, according to the nature and seriousness of the
offence, on anyone who has contravened these Regulations and any other
relevant decrees, provisions and regulations of the People's Republic of
China. Those of a vile and serious nature shall be handed over to, and
dealt with by, the judicial organs.
Article 51
If the punished party does not accept the punishment, he can make an
appeal to the Harbour Superintendency Administration of the People's
Republic of China within 15 days of receipt of the notice. Before
alteration of the decision, however, the original punishment shall still
take effect.
Chapter X Supplementary Provisions
Article 52
With regard to the prevention of collision of vessels, matters which are
not included in these Regulations and other relevant provisions of the
People's Republic of China shall be handled in accordance with the
"International Rules For the Avoidance of Collision at Sea" implemented by
the People's Republic of China.
Article 53
These Regulations shall be put into effect as of the date of promulgation
by the State Council of the People's Republic of China. Concurrently
therewith, the "Measures of the People's Republic of China For the
Administration of Port Entry and Exit by Vessels of Foreign Registry"
promulgated by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of
China on March 12, 1957 shall be annulled.